Community  lutlbmgg  a$  ffiar  Jfflentortalg 

A  series  of  bulletins  published  by  the  Bureau  of  Memorial  Buildings  of 
War  Camp  Community  Service ,  124  East  28th  Street ,  New  York ,  N.Y. 


Number  5 


IQ19 


^Progress  of 

Cl )t  Memorial  Putlfcing  Jflobement 


Announcement 

The  Bureau  of  Memorial  Buildings  is  designed  to  serve  as  a 
clearing  house  of  information  and  service  in  regard  to  planning, 
erecting  and  administering  community  houses,  auditoriums,  recrea¬ 
tion  centers  and  other  “living”  memorials.  The  Bureau  does  not 
undertake  to  erect  or  finance  memorials  anywhere:  but  by  means  of 
bulletins,  exhibits,  speakers  and  personal  advisory  service,  it  is  ready 
to  aid  architects  and  memorial  committees. 

The  National  Committee  on  Memorial  Buildings,  established  in 
January,  1919,  to  assist  in  the  guidance  of  the  nation-wide  movement 
to  erect  community  buildings  as  war  memorials,  has  merged  its 
activities  with  those  of  the  Bureau.  This  committee,  composed  of 
one  hundred  representative  men  and  women  from  all  parts  of  the 
country,  has  become  the  Advisory  Committee  on  Memorial  Buildings 
of  War  Camp  Community  Service. 

The  Bureau,  through  its  Advisory  Committee  and  through  co¬ 
operation  with  national  community  service  bodies,  art  and  archi¬ 
tectural  associations,  etc.,  has  brought  together  a  large  amount  of 
expert  opinion  and  knowledge  concerning  community  buildings. 
This  material  is  being  published  in  the  series  of  bulletins  entitled 
“Community  Buildings  as  War  Memorials.”  A  list  of  these  publica¬ 
tions  appears  on  the  back  cover. 


3tf.  tiS 

A  <t  3  7 


LlDnAnT 

OF  THE 


The  McKinley  Memorial,  Niles,  Ohio. 

existing  ^Public  gubitoriums 

®fje  SSututonum  as  a  jUemortal 

THE  movement  for  the  erection  of  buildings  as 
memorials  of  the  World  War,  becoming  as  it  has 
national  in  its  scope,  is  turning  public  attention  towards 
the  country’s  best  examples  of  buildings  having  a  com¬ 
munity  and  civic  aspect.  An  adequate  auditorium, 
democratically  managed,  meets  a  great  number  of  com¬ 
munity  needs.  In  fact,  even  in  the  smaller  cities  the 
auditorium  is  usually  a  vital  part  of  the  memorial 
community  building.  Such  a  common  meeting  place 
may  afford  recreation,  instruction  and  service,  not  to 
one  class  alone,  but  to  all;  old  and  young;  educated  and 
uneducated;  the  poor  as  well  as  the  rich. 

The  Great  War  was  a  war  of  democracy.  Every  class 
and  creed,  every  stratum  of  society,  helped  to  win  it. 
Our  armies  were  made  up  of  men  from  every  walk  of 
life,  and  the  civic,  patriotic,  and  other  organizations 
at  home  that  contributed  so  much  towards  its  success¬ 
ful  conclusion,  were  in  no  less  measure  made  up  of  men 
and  women  representative  of  every  branch  of  society. 


Commumtp  Putttnngg  as  ®0ar  jHemortals 


Nothing  could  therefore  be  a  more  fitting  memorial  to 
those  who  fought  abroad  and  to  those  who  toiled  at 
home  than  a  memorial  dedicated  to  the  service  of  all 
classes — democratic  in  its  every  purpose,  and  with 
special  provision  for  such  organizations  of  returned 
soldiers  as  the  American  Legion.  Hence  a  study  of  the 
more  successful  of  our  existing  public  auditoriums  is 
most  timely. 

In  the  following  pages  will  be  found  brief  descriptions 
of  such  buildings  that  may  prove  of  interest,  and  value 
to  communities  contemplating  the  erection  of  memorial 
auditoriums. 


(Existing  public  Subitoriums 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

The  San  Francisco  auditorium  is  located  in  what  is 
known  as  the  civic  center,  and  is  a  part  of  the  $14,000,000 
improvement  which  the  city  undertook  some  six  or 
seven  years  ago,  and  which  is  now  nearly  completed. 
The  Exposition  Memorial  Auditorium,  as  it  is  called, 
occupies  an  entire  block,  and  is  located  at  a  central 
point,  easily  accessible  from  all  sections  of  the  city. 

The  auditorium  was  erected  by  the  Pan-Pacific  Inter¬ 
national  Exposition  for  the  specific  use  of  the  congresses 
and  conventions  which  met  at  San  Francisco  in  1915. 

The  front  of  the  building  is  of  concrete  and  California 
granite,  with  a  large  facade  and  triple  entrance  with 
elaborately  carved  decorations  and  an  ornamental 
marquise  over  the  doorways.  It  is  four  stories  high, 
the  main  auditorium  being  located  in  the  center,  and 
extending  throughout  the  four  stories,  with  a  pyra¬ 
midal  roof  and  an  ornamental  lantern  at  the  apex. 

The  building  is  entered  through  large  vestibules,  a 
wide  corridor  forming  an  entrance  foyer.  On  either 
side  of  the  main  auditorium  are  convention  halls  and 
committee  rooms  of  various  sizes.  The  seating  capacity 
of  the  main  auditorium  is  12,000  and  that  of  the  two 
smaller  halls  750  and  900  respectively.  Altogether 
there  are  eleven  halls  and  nineteen  smaller  rooms  in 
the  building.  By  a  series  of  rolling  partitions,  several  of 
the  larger  of  these  rooms  may  be  thrown  together  and 
converted  into  halls  each  seating  about  250  people. 

There  are  thirty-seven  separate  exits;  fourteen  stair¬ 
ways,  each  eight  feet  wide,  ascending  to  the  upper 


3 


Commumtp  JSutltnngs;  as;  Mar  Jllcmortals; 


San  Francisco  Auditorium — the  most  expensive  building  of  its  kind  in  America — was  erected 
in  1915  at.  a  cost  of  $14,000,000.  The  main  auditorium  seats  12,000  people,  and  there  are 
eleven  other  assembly  halls  and  nineteen  smaller  rooms  in  the  building. 


4 


(Existing  public  Subitoriums 


floors;  and  twenty-six  checking  rooms.  It  has  been 
estimated  that  when  the  building  is  crowded  to  capacity 
it  can  be  emptied  of  its  occupants  in  from  six  to  seven 
minutes  without  confusion.  There  are  two  passenger 
and  two  freight  elevators, which  run  the  whole  height  of 
the  building,  besides  two  freight  elevators  which  run 
from  the  basement  to  the  main  auditorium  floor. 

The  interior  of  the  main  auditorium  is  treated  in  an 
impressive  manner  architecturally.  The  ceiling  follows 
the  lines  of  the  polygonal  roof,  with  the  steel  trusses  ex¬ 
posed  to  view.  A  large  skylight  at  the  top  of  the  pyra¬ 
midal  roof  furnishes  light  to  the  interior,  and  electric 
fixtures  distributed  on  the  ceiling  and  walls  supply  the 
necessary  artificial  illumination. 

One  of  the  features  of  the  Exposition  Memorial 
Auditorium  is  a  large  organ.  This  instrument  was  orig¬ 
inally  installed  in  the  festival  hall  of  the  exposition. 
It  is  now  frequently  in  use  for  public  concerts. 

The  basement  contains  a  kitchen,  locker  rooms, 
storage  spaces,  lavatories  for  men  and  women,  and  the 
heating  and  ventilating  plants. 

In  round  numbers,  the  building  cost  two  million 
dollars.  The  land  and  the  granite  for  the  fagade  were 
paid  for  by  the  city  of  San  Francisco  at  a  cost  of 
$710,000  and  $210,000  respectively.  The  Panama- 
Pacific  Exposition  used  $1,000,000  to  construct  the 
building.  The  Exposition  Memorial  Auditorium  is  the 
most  costly  and  the  finest  structure  of  its  kind  in 
America. 


5 


Commumtp  JgutlUtttgs  as  OTar  jHemortals 


When  the  proposed  memorial  building  has  been 
erected,  completing  the  San  Francisco  Civic  Center,  it 
will  be  one  of  the  best  in  the  country. 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASS. 

The  Springfield,  Mass.,  auditorium  is  also  one  of  a 
group  of  buildings  forming  a  civic  center.  Spring¬ 
field’s  municipal  building  commission  worked  for  seven 
years  on  the  plans  for  this  civic  center,  and  the  design 
was  selected  as  the  result  of  a  competition  in  which 
leading  architects  of  the  country  participated.  The 
group  consists  of  two  classic  structures  of  splendid  style 
and  proportion  with  a  stately  campanile  rising  between 
them  to  a  height  of  300  feet. 

The  auditorium,  the  westerly  building  of  the  group, 
contains  a  beautiful  hall  seating  .4,000  people  and  a 
basement  devoted  to  one  great  room  for  exhibition 
purposes.  The  campanile  serves  no  practical  purpose 
other  than  the  housing  of  a  large  electrically  illuminated 
clock  which  can  be  read  two  miles  away,  and  a  $10,000 
set  of  chimes  given  by  individuals  and  civic  organiza¬ 
tions.  The  group  is  of  steel  and  reinforced  concrete  with 
Indian  limestone  facing,  with  the  halls,  stairways  and 
corridors  of  the  administration  building  of  polished 
marble.  The  municipal  group,  facing  Court  Square, 
dominates  the  landscape  for  miles  around. 

The  possession  of  such  a  fine  auditorium  has  brought 
to  Springfield  the  very  best  of  music  and  entertainment, 
which  has  served  not  only  to  afford  its  residents  enter¬ 
tainment  of  the  best  sort,  but  to  make  Springfield  more 


6 


(Existing  Public  &ubitoriums 


and  more  a  center  of  culture.  Extravagant  praise  has 
been  bestowed  upon  the  acoustics  of  the  auditorium  by 
distinguished  speakers  and  celebrated  artists. 

Springfield  acknowledges  today  that  the  loss  of  her 
city  hall  by  fire  in  1906  was  one  of  the  greatest  bless¬ 
ings  which  ever  came  to  the  city.  Civic  and  municipal 
needs  had  completely  outgrown  the  accommodations 
offered  by  the  old  building  but  no  steps  had  been  taken 
to  replace  it,  action  having  been  postponed  until  a  fit¬ 
ting  structure  could 
be  afforded.  The  city  A 

might  not  yet  have 
been  spurred  to  action 
and  the  magnificent 
civic  group  might  not 
yet  have  materialized 
but  for  the  fire. 


The  Springfield  (Mass.)  Civic 
Center.  This  group,  consisting 
of  two  classic  buildings  and  a 
campanile  300  feet  high,  cost 
S' r, 800, 000.  Pell  and  Corbett, 
•  architects. 


7 


Commumtp  PtuUitngg  as!  (Hat  JJlemortals! 


DENVER,  COL. 


Denver  claims,  in  her  municipal  auditorium,  the  most 
handsomely  decorated  public  hall  in  America.  Its  full 
capacity  is  12,500  people.  A  disappearing  proscenium 
arch,  when  down,  creates  a  hippodrome  stage  and 
theatre  with  seating  capacity  of  3,300.  The  building 
was  erected  by  bond  issue,  and  cost,  exclusive  of  ground, 
$450,000.  Recently  $24,000  was  spent  in  perfecting  the 
acoustics  and  redecorating  the  interior. 

The  late  Mayor  Robert  W.  Speer,  several  years  ago 
inaugurated  the  policy  of  granting  use  of  the  audi¬ 
torium  free,  in  consideration  of  free  admission  to  the 
public,  whenever  an  entertainment  is  of  a  nature  to 
justify.  Free  auditorium  entertainments  include  win¬ 
ter  Sunday  band  concerts  by  the  municipal  band,  with 
educational  moving  pictures  and  community  singing; 
patriotic  holiday  programs;  playground  festivals;  free 


8 


(Sxtstmg  Public  gtoiittoriumsi 


election  returns;  world’s  series  baseball  results;  poultry 
and  flower  shows. 

By  voluntary  subscription  Denver  citizens  and  indus¬ 
tries  contributed  $50,000  for  a  municipal  pipe-organ. 
Soon  after  its  installation,  Madame  Schumann-Heink 
sang  at  an  organ  benefit  to  12,000  people.  As  a  result 
of  such  general  interest  in  municipal  music,  daily  organ 
recitals  at  noon  and  special  Sunday  concerts,  all  free, 
were  inauguarated.  The  city  also  arranges  popular 
priced  concerts  by  leading  operatic  stars  during  the 
winter  seasons. 

The  organ,  fitted  with  the  latest  orchestral  improve¬ 
ments,  extends  to  all  classes  the  opportunity  to  hear 
good  music  and,  at  the  same  time,  adds  inmeasurably 
to  the  use  of  the  auditorium  as  a  municipal  social  center. 

OAKLAND,  CAL. 

Oakland  has  a  million-dollar  municipal  building 


The  Municipal  Auditorium,  Oakland,  Cal.  This  building  contains  a  feature  which  is  being 
incorporated  into  some  of  the  new  memorial  auditoriums — an  art  gallery. 


9 


Commumtp  Putliiiitgg  ag  liar  jflflemorialg 


erected  in  1915-  The  structure  is  of  white  marble,  and 
contains  an  art  gallery.  Its  opening  celebrations  lasted 
three  days,  and  were  said  to  have  witnessed  the  greatest 
gatherings  in  the  history  of  the  city  up  to  that  time. 
Fifteen  thousand  participants  and  spectators  attended 


First  and  second  floor  plans — Oakland  Auditorium  (note  arrangement  of  corridors  for  exhibi¬ 
tion  purposes). 


10 


existing  public  gututonums 


the  opening  ball,  which  was  called  “The  Dance  of  a 
Thousand  Colors.”  The  forty-eight  boxes  in  the  audi¬ 
torium  were  filled  with  prominent  visitors,  among  whom 
were  the  governor  and  the  president  of  the  exposition. 
John  J.  Donovan,  architect,  Henry  Hornbostel,  con¬ 
sulting  architect. 


Third  floor  plan,  Oakland  Auditorium.  In  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  fully  equipped  theatre  and  stage 
designed  as  a  part  of  the  building,  there  is  a 
small  stage  at  one  end  of  the  ballroom  for 
amateur  plays  and  tryouts. 


ST.  JOSEPH,  MO. 

An  admirable  structure 
of  its  size  and  kind  is  the 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  auditor¬ 
ium,  which  cost  approxi¬ 
mately  $250,000  exclusive 
of  the  ground.  The  build¬ 
ing  is  140  feet  wide,  235 
feet  long  (outside  dimen¬ 
sions),  has  three  floors, 
namely,  arena,  dress  circle, 
and  gallery,  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  3,200,  but  1,800 
chairs  can  be  placed  in  the 
arena,  which  is  165  feet 
long  and  70  feet  wide, 
making  a  seating  capacity 
of  5,000.  At  the  north  end 
is  located  the  stage,  which 
is  100  feet  wide,  50  feet 
deep,  with  a  height  of  70 
feet,  the  proscenium  arch 
being  48  feet  wide.  E.  J. 
Eckel,  architect. 


Commumtp  Putllitngg  as  l®ar  iHlemortals 


The  3t.  Joseph 
(Mo.)  Audi¬ 
torium. 


The  stage  of 
the  St.  Joseph 
Auditorium. 


12 


existing  Public  gubitoriums 


PORTLAND,  ORE. 

The  auditorium  at  Portland,  Ore.,  was  completed 
and  dedicated  September  5,  1917.  This  building  is  of 
reinforced  concrete  construction,  with  brick  and  terra¬ 
cotta  trimming;  is  four  stories  in  height,  and  occupies  a 
block  200  by  200  feet;  has  seating  capacity  of  3,560,  but 
by  making  use  of  side  assembly  halls  this  capacity  can 
be  increased  to  5,500.  The  plan  of  construction  is  that 


The  Portland,  Ore.,  Auditorium,  widely  known  for  its  contribution  to  Portland’s  civic  spirit. 


of  a  theatre.  It  has  rear  and  side  balconies.  A  first- 
class  pipe  organ,  costing  $25,000,  is  one  of  the  features  of 
this  auditorium.  The  acoustics  of  this  building  are 
perfect  without  the  aid  of  mechanical  devices. 


'3 


Commumtp  Jluttotngs  as  liar  jWemorialsi 


ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 

The  St.  Paul  municipal  auditorium  has  several 
unique  features,  and  from  an  architectural  standpoint 
is  said  to  be  second  to  none,  with  the  possible  exception 
of  the  San  Francisco  auditorium,  which  cost  $1,210,000 
as  compared  to  $400,000  expended  for  the  St.  Paul 
building. 

The  most  interesting  feature  of  this  auditorium  is  its 
movable  stage.  By  means  of  this  stage  the  building 
can  be  made  a  thoroughly  up-to-date  opera  house,  with 
all  the  comforts  of  the  best  theatres  in  the  country,  and 
seating  3,200  people,  or  it  can  be  converted  into  a  huge 
arena,  accommodating  12,000  people,  and  suitable  for 
large  industrial  exhibits,  conventions,  boxing  matches, 
spectacular  pageants,  or  circuses. 

On  either  side  of  the  movable  stage  floor,  and  at 
about  the  center  of  the  auditorium,  are  tiers  of  boxes. 
When  the  auditorium  is  used  for  other  than  theatrical 
performances,  these  tiers  of  boxes  are  swung  back 
against  the  walls  on  hinges,  the  stage  floor  is  lowered, 
and  the  orchestra  pit  raised  by  hydraulics,  so  that  the 
entire  main  floor  of  the  building  is  on  the  same  level. 
The  proscenium  arch  is  divided  in  the  center,  one  half 
sliding  up  and  the  other  half  sliding  down,  each  being 
counterbalanced  and  operated  by  electricity.  There  is 
an  ample  scene-loft,  which,  when  not  in  use,  is  hidden  by 
a  false  ceiling. 

St.  Paul  has  found  the  auditorium  to  be  one  of  the 
best  advertising  features  the  city  has  ever  undertaken, 
attracting,  as  it  does,  big  commercial  conventions  from 


14 


(Existing  public  Subitoriums 


Two  views 
showing  St. 
Paul  Auditori¬ 
um  as  it  is  ar¬ 
ranged  when 
used  for  oper¬ 
atic  perform¬ 
ances. 


The  stage  and 
proscenium  arch 
as  well  as  the 
side  boxes  are 
removable  (see 
lower  right- 
hand  diagram 
on  the  follow¬ 
ing  page). 


15 


i 1 ..  iiiiiiiiiiiii . .  iBniar .  iiiiHiimiii  t 


Community  JJuiltiings  as  JWat  Jllemorials 


16 


j  111  i  T~ 


(Existing  Public  Sututoriums 


ThelTaft  Ban- 
quet,  showing 
2,000  people 
seated  on  the 
auditorium 
stage.  When  the 
time  arrived  for 
the  guest  of 
honor  to  speak, 
the  curtain  was 
raised,  and 
much  to  his 
surprise  Mr. 
Taft  faced  an 
extra  4,000  who 
had  been 
quietly  ad¬ 
mitted  during 
the  dinner. 


Ticket  Office  Foyer,  St.  Paul  Auditorium. 


Exterior  St.  Paul  Auditorium,  showing 
main  entrance. 


17 


Commumtp  Putltnngs  as!  liar  jHemimaliS 


all  parts  of  the  country,  and  making  it  possible  for  its 
citizens  to  enjoy  treats  in  the  entertainment  line  not 
otherwise  possible.  Grand  opera  is  given  here  on  a 
scale  equalled  only  at  New  York  or  Chicago.  Caruso 
gave  a  concert  here  before  7,000  people,  thought  to  be 
the  largest  audience  ever  assembled  to  hear  a  single 
performer  under  cover.  Some  years  ago  a  banquet 
was  given  on  the  stage  part  of  the  auditorium,  in  honor 
of  ex-President  Taft,  at  which  2,000  people  were  seated. 
When  the  banquet  was  over,  the  curtain  was  raised  and 
Mr.  Taft  addressed  an  audience  of  4,000,  which  had 
been  admitted  quietly  into  the  theatre  part  of  the 
building.  The  St.  Paul  winter  carnival  would  not  be 
possible  without  the  auditorium.  The  building  has 
perfect  acoustics,  both  when  it  is  used  as  a  theatre,  and 
when  it  is  converted  into  a  huge  arena. 

The  charter  provides  that  the  auditorium  is  to  be 
operated  at  cost.  The  building  is  rented  the  same  as 
any  privately  owned  building,  and  when  it  is  used  for 
city  purposes  the  cost  of  operation  is  paid  from  the 
general  fund.  The  average  cost  of  maintenance  and 
operation  is  approximately  $16,500  per  annum,  and  the 
yearly  receipts  have  been  exceeding  this  amount  by 
about  $2,000. 

MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 

After  the  burning  of  the  old  exposition  building  in 
1905,  Milwaukee  was  confronted  by  the  problem  of 
adequately  housing  the  numerous  conventions  and 
exhibitions  that  take  place  in  the  industrial  center. 

The  city  owned  the  land  on  which  the  old  exposition 

18 


existing  -public  iHutiitoriums 


The  Milwaukee 
Auditorium , 
counting  the 
seating  capacity 
of  all  of  its  halls, 
accommodates 
15,700  people. 
Nearly  a  thou¬ 
sand  meetings, 
bringing  large 
numbers  of 
people  together, 
were  held  here 
within  one  year. 
These  include 
such  activities 
as  national  con¬ 
ventions,  mass- 
meetings,  lec¬ 
tures,  concerts, 
dances,  and 
even  circuses. 


building  had  stood,  so  it  was  unnecessary  to  make  a 
large  initial  outlay  for  a  site.  The  legislature  empowered 
the  city  to  vote  a  bond  issue  of  $250,000  for  the  project, 
and  a  like  sum  was  raised  by  popular  subscription, 
thus  providing  a  total  building  fund  of  $500,000.  The 
law  provides  for  a  governing  board  of  eleven  members, 


19 


Commumtp  Puiltmtgs  asf  ®®at  jHemorials 


five  representatives  of  the  private  corporation,  repre¬ 
senting  the  stockholders,  and  six  city  officials.  The 
auditorium  company  is  a  separate  corporation,  and 
half  owner  of  the  auditorium,  while  the  municipality 
owns  the  other  half. 

The  plan  of  the  building,  selected  in  an  architectural 
competition,  makes  the  structure  useful  in  the  most 
diversified  ways.  For  large  conventions,  mass-meetings, 
balls,  horse  shows,  and  similar  events,  the  hall  will  seat 
10,000  people,  and  is  provided  with  every  convenience 
of  check  rooms,  lavatories,  exits,  etc.  It  can  also  be 
divided  into  seven  separate  halls,  which  can  all  be  used 
at  the  same  time  without  confusion  or  inconvenience  to 
the  different  assemblies. 

The  building  occupies  a  full  city  block,  and  is  built  in 
two  wings.  The  larger  wing  contains  the  main  hall, 
designed  on  the  order  of  a  huge  arena  or  ampitheatre. 
The  floor  of  the  arena  is  of  concrete  and  steel,  and  rests 
direttly  on  the  ground,  so  that  it  is  able  to  bear  any 
strain  placed  upon  it,  such  as  heavy  machinery,  for 
instance.  A  portable  wooden  floor  covers  the  concrete 
surface  when  a  ball  is  held  in  the  auditorium,  and  rows 
of  movable  seats  may  be  placed  upon  it  to  accommodate 
audiences  when  necessary.  Sixty-two  boxes  encircle  the 
arena,  and  directly  behind  these  rise  tiers,  of  permanently 
installed  seats.  The  gallery  is  directly  above.  The  oval 
of  the  hall  is  cut  off  at  one  end  by  a  large  and  well- 
equipped  stage,  having  a  flexible  false  proscenium 
opening,  and  dressing-rooms,  lighting  equipment,  and 
scene  loft  ample  for  almost  any  type  of  production. 


20 


Cxtsrttng  public  SUiintoriums 


Around  the  outside  of  the  auditorium  runs  a  grand 
promenade,  twelve  feet  wide.  Under  the  slope  of  the 
parquet  seats,  and  opening  upon  this  arcade,  are  booths. 
These  are  available  for  sale  or  exhibition  purposes,  or 
may  be  used  as  check  rooms  when  necessary.  Exits  on 
all  sides  and  the  use  of  inclines  instead  of  stairways 
make  the  handling  of  large  crowds  an  easy  matter. 

The  other  wing  of  the  building  is  about  half  the  size  of 
the  larger  one,  and  has  a  central  rotunda  two  stories 
high.  Two  assembly  halls  open  off  this  on  each  floor. 
In  the  portion  of  the  building  connecting  the  two  wings 
are  several  lounge  rooms  and  committee  rooms,  and  the 
grand  stair  hall.  Ticket  offices  are  located  in  the  ro¬ 
tunda,  and  at  the  main  entrance  to  the  auditorium. 
In  the  basement  of  the  small  wing  are  located  a  market 
hall,  kitchen  storage  rooms,  and  the  heat  and  power 
plants. 

In  mass  and 
detail, the 
architects  of  the 
Houston  Muni- 
c  i  p  a  1  Audi¬ 
torium  have 
achieved  a 
pleasing  sugges¬ 
tion  of  infor¬ 
mality  which  is 
in  strong  con¬ 
trast  to  the  cold, 
forbidding  ap¬ 
pearance  of 
many  public 
buildings. 


21 


Communttp  Putttitngs  as  liar  JJlemortals 


Interior,  Hous¬ 
ton  Auditorium, 
showing  large 
auditorium. 


Smaller  audi¬ 
torium. 


22 


(Existing  public  Subitoriums 


HOUSTON,  TEXAS 

The  stimulating  effect  which  the  municipal  auditorium 
of  Houston,  Texas,  has  had  upon  the  growth  of  the  city, 
both  directly  and  indirectly,  can  only  be  estimated  by 
the  number  of  conventions  which  its  presence  has 
attracted  to  the  city.  The  facilities  for  holding  big 
meetings  in  the  auditorium,  has  brought  new  business 
and  new  citizens  to  the  community,  and  materially 
furthered  its  welfare  and  prosperity. 

A  feature  of  the  auditorium,  which  cannot  be  spoken 
of  too  highly,  is  the  results  which  its  presence  has  had 
upon  the  citizens  of  the  municipality,  through  the  edu¬ 
cational  advantages  and  entertainments  they  have 
been  able  to  enjoy  here  absolutely  free  of  charge. 

The  municipal  auditorium  was  built  in  1910,  entirely 
from  city  revenue.  The  fact  that  not  even  a  bond  issue 
was  necessary  to  complete  the  financing  of  one  of  the 
most  spacious  and  up-to-date  buildings  of  the  sort  in 
the  country,  is  sufficient  commentary  on  the  progres¬ 
siveness  of  this  Southern  city.  The  cost  of  the  building 
and  equipment  was  $350,000,  and  the  ground  on  which 
it  is  located  $100,000.  The  auditorium  is  maintained 
by  the  city,  and  is  not,  from  a  financial  standpoint,  a 
profit-making  investment.  Although  the  expense  for 
the  maintenance  is  greater  than  the  receipts  by  several 
thousand  dollars  each  year,  the  city  authorities  feel  that 
more  good  is  being  done  the  city  by  a  free  auditorium 
than  if  it  were  converted  into  a  money-making  propo¬ 
sition. 


23 


Commumtp  JSutUitngg  as!  liar  Jttemorials! 


24 


(Existing  Public  Subttortums 


KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 

The  Kansas  City  Convention  Hall  is  one  of  the  big¬ 
gest  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  It  was  erected  in  1903, 
largely  through  popular  subscription,  and  within  a 
period  of  three  months.  The  short  time  given  to  its 
construction  was  due  to  the  imminence  of  a  national 
Democratic  convention,  the  predecessor  of  this  hall, 
like  the  one  at  Milwaukee,  having  been  destroyed  by 
fire.  The  cost  was  about  $400,000. 

Convention  Hall  is  a  large  square  structure,  not 
unlike  an  armory  in  general  design,  though  having  a 
somewhat  more  decorative  exterior  than  is  usually 
associated  with  that  sort  of  building.  It  is  made  of 
steel,  brick  and  concrete,  with  a  series  of  arched  door¬ 
ways  opening  directly  from  the  main  floor  onto  the 
street. 

For  more  than  fifteen  years  the  Kansas  City  Con¬ 
vention  Hall  has  served  the  community  admirably  in  a 
great  many  ways.  During  the  war  it  was  of  very  mate¬ 
rial  help  in  forwarding  the  various  patriotic  and  military 
activities.  A  brief  abstract  from  the  report  of  the  secre¬ 
tary  for  1918  is  interesting,  in  showing  some  of  the  many 
uses  to  which  this  auditorium  was  put  during  one  year. 
It  reads  as  follows:  Military  purposes,  52  days,  51 
nights;  patriotic  meetings,  8  days,  6  nights;  conventions 
and  trade  exhibits,  32  days,  30  nights;  poultry  and  stock 
shows,  13  days,  13  nights;  opera  and  theatrical  per¬ 
formances,  2  days,  10  nights;  concerts,  6  days,  8  nights; 
athletic  events,  6  days,  17  nights;  balls,  6  nights;  mis¬ 
cellaneous,  3  days,  4  nights.  Altogether  the  hall  was 
used  a  total  of  270  times. 


25 


Commumtp  PutltongS  asf  Mar  jUlemonals 


JH  #roup  of  exiting  JWemortal  Putl&tngs 


PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


Unlike  many  other  memorials  erected  in  its  time,  the 
Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Memorial,  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  is 
essentially  a  useful  one,  containing  several  large  halls 
and  accessories,  without  detriment  to  the  monumental 
character  so  essential 
to  a  structure  of  its 
type.  The  first  floor 
contains  an  immense 
auditorium,  seating 
3,000,  with  natural 
light  on  all  sides.  Sur¬ 
rounding  this  room 
is  a  memorial  cor¬ 
ridor  in  whose  walls 
are  niches  containing 
memorial  sculptures, 
and  bronze  tablets 
inscribed  with  the 
names  of  the  heroic 
dead  of  the  Civil  War 
and  the  Spanish- 
American  War  from 
Allegheny  County. 

Two  large  post  rooms 
flank  the  main  en¬ 
trance.  The  corners 

main  c-trueturQ  Detail  of  front  elevation,  Allegheny  County  Soldiers’ 
U1  LI1C  Illdlll  b  true  lure  and  Sailors’  Memorial  Building. 


26 


(Existing  public  ^luiiitoriums 


enclose  the  elevators  and  staircases.  Above  the  audi¬ 
torium  is  a  large  banquet-hall  with  a  visitors’  gallery 
encircled  by  minor  rooms  such  as  the  library,  museum, 
kitchen,  and  administrative  offices. 

The  heavy  trusses  spanning  the  auditorium  are  of 
considerable  depth,  and  the  space  thus  rendered  useless 
for  habitation  has  been  utilized  for  an  elaborate  scheme 
of  direct  and  indirect  lighting.  Electric  lights  of  all 
qualities  and  kinds  have  been  combined  into  a  deco¬ 
rative  scheme  of  intense  brilliancy,  lighting  not  only 
the  hall,  but  serving  as  a  feature  of  interest  from  the 
exterior,  from  which  it  is  plainly  visible.  The  frame  of 
the  building  is  steel,  and  the  exterior  is  of  sandstone; 
marble,  wood,  and  bronze  are  lavishly  used  in  the  in¬ 
terior.  The  cost  was  approximately  $1,000,000.  The 
structure  is  used  not  only  for  the  purpose  originally 
intended,  but  for  public  meetings  and  entertainments, 
thus  affording  the  county  ample  means  for  its  main¬ 
tenance.  Palmer  and  Hornbostel,  architects. 

EVANSVILLE,  IND. 

A  memorial  building,  purely  classic  in  design,  is  the 
Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Memorial  Coliseum  at  Evansville, 
Ind.,  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustration.  It  was 
built  in  honor  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  Civil 
and  Spanish-American  Wars,  and  as  a  memorial  com¬ 
munity  building.  It  contains  a  large  auditorium,  with  a 
total  seating  capacity  of  nearly  5,000,  and  in  addition 
has  a  large  number  of  rooms  for  public  use.  There  is  a 
patriotic  room,  a  branch  of  the  public  library,  rooms  for 
the  use  of  various  societies,  and  for  the  use  of  soldiers  and 


27 


Commumtp  jJSutlimigs;  as  mar  jUlemorials 


sailors  and  their  allied  organizations.  The  total  cost  of 
the  building  was  approximately  $265,000.  The  building 
was  designed  and  supervised  by  Clifford  Shopbell  and 
Company,  architects,  Evansville,  Ind. 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO 

The  Franklin  County  Memorial  Building  at  Colum¬ 
bus,  Ohio,  was  erected  in  1903,  to  commemorate  the 
services  of  soldiers,  sailors,  marines,  and  pioneers  of  the 
county.  It  comprises  an  auditorium  seating  4,000  peo¬ 
ple,  and  several  smaller  assembly  and  exhibition  rooms, 
and  is  the  headquarters  of  more  than  thirty  war  and 
pioneer  organizations  of  the  county. 

The  exterior  of  the  building  is  finished  in  light  grey 
pressed  block,  with  Bedford  stone  trimmings.  The  ap¬ 
proach  consists  of  a  series  of  stone  steps,  leading  past 
six  stone  columns  into  the  loggia,  and  from  there  into  a 
marble  decorated  vestibule  and  rotunda.  Opening  off 
of  this  large  rotunda  are  spacious  lodge  rooms,  ante- 


28 


(Existing  Public  Subitoriums 


rooms  and  cloakrooms.  The  auditorium,  which  is  in 
the  rear  portion  of  the  building,  may  be  entered  from 
this  vestibule.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  various  rooms 
for  accommodation  of  patriotic  and  other  organizations 
which  have  their  headquarters  here. 


The  cost  of  the  building  and  ground  was  $250,000. 
The  money  was  raised  by  a  bond  issue,  and  the  memorial 
building  was  erected  by  a  commission  of  five,  appointed 
by  the  governor. 

SAVANNAH,  GA. 

•A  conspicuous  example  of  a  municipal  auditorium  in 
the  South  is  that  at  Savannah,  Ga.  The  auditorium 
was  built  by  a  City  of  Savannah  bond  issue,  amounting 
to  $250,000,  in  1917. 

The  auditorium  is  used  as  a  community  center.  Dur- 


29 


Commumtp  ISuilbingsi  as  War  Jflemorials 


The  Savannah 
Auditorium 
(left)  furnishes 
an  excellent  ex¬ 
ample  of  a  big 
civic  building 
used  as  a  center 
of  community 
as  well  as  civic 
life. 


ing  the  war  the  War  Camp  Community  Service  held 
“sings”  in  the  building  every  Sunday  afternoon,  and 
also  gave  entertainments  with  local  talent  for  war  bene¬ 
fit.  These  “get-togethers”  were  a  big  success,  and  steps 
have  been  taken  for  regular  peace-time  programs  of  a 
similar  sort,  involving  the  use  of  the  stage,  which  is 
very  large,  and  fully  equipped  and  lighted. 

The  main  auditorium  is  called  Davant  Hall,  being 
named  after  the  late  Mayor  Davant,  who  was  mayor 
when  the  bond  issue  was  floated.  The  small  audi¬ 
torium  on  the  third  floor  is  called  Gregory  Hall,  being 
named  after  the  late  George  A.  Gregory,  who  was  also 
instrumental  in  getting  the  bond  issue  before  the 
people.  Gregory  Hall  has  a  seating  capacity  of  400, 
and  a  small  stage  is  very  useful  for  small  entertain¬ 
ments.  There  are  three  committee  rooms,  directors’ 
room,  manager’s  office,  and  ticket  office  in  the  building. 

“This  building,  which  has  been  responsible  for  bring¬ 
ing  to  Savannah  so  much  good  talent  not  otherwise 


30 


existing  public  Sututoriums 


available,  was  completed  in  December,  1917,  and  was 
opened  by  a  concert  given  by  Miss  Margaret  Woodrow 
Wilson,  the  daughter  of  the  President,  on  December 
10,1917.” 

The  auditorium  is  self-supporting,  in  spite  of  its  use 
as  a  community  center,  and  the  large  number  of  enter¬ 
tainments,  for  which  the  city  donates  the  free  use  of 
the  building.  Through  such  dual  use  for  community 
and  commercial  purposes,  a  memorial  building  may  be 
made  self-supporting  without  affecting  its  true  func¬ 
tion  as  a  democratic  center.  The  architect  of  this 
building  is  Henrik  Wallin. 

ROANOKE,  VA. 


Roanoke,  Va.,  has  also  an  auditorium  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  4,500,  undertaken  in  an  interesting  manner. 
Officials  of  the  principal  railroad  running  through 
Roanoke  made  the  city  a  “sporting  proposition”  to  the 
effect  that  they  would  erect  a  beautiful  hotel  adequate 


31 


Communttp  Jlutltungg  as  (Mar  Jllemonals 


to  take  care  of  any  convention  crowd  if  the  city  would 
undertake  to  build  an  auditorium  ambitious  enough  in 
size  and  construction  to  make  Roanoke  an  attractive 
convention  city.  Funds  for  the  auditorium  were  raised 
at  once  by  popular  subscription,  and  the  building  was 
completed  in  1914. 


Small-town 
life  could  be 
rendered  im¬ 
measurably 
more  attract¬ 
ive  anywhere 
by  the  acqui¬ 
sition  of  such 
an  auditorium 
as  Longmont, 
Col.,  already 
has. 


TWO  SMALL  AUDITORIUMS 

Two  small-town  buildings,  each  filling  its  mission  as 
a  center  of  community  life  and  activity,  are  the  muni¬ 
cipal  auditorium  at  Longmont,  Col.,  and  the  McKinley 
Memorial,  at  Niles,  Ohio. 

The  new  municipal  auditorium  and  community 
building  was  recently  erected  at  Longmont,  Col., 
through  the  joint  efforts  of  the  city  officials,  the  Play¬ 
ground  Association,  and  the  Longmont  Commercial 
Association.  Longmont  is  one  of  a  circuit  of  Chau¬ 
tauqua  towns  and  each  summer  the  sessions  have  been 
held  in  an  open-air,  uncomfortable  tent.  One  of  the 


32 


Cxtetmg  Public  Auditoriums 


primary  ideas  in  the  construction  of  the  new  auditorium 
was  to  provide  adequate  and  comfortable  accommoda¬ 
tions  for  the  Chautauqua  crowds  and  other  community 
festivals,  and  to  secure  a  convenient  place  for  exhibition 
purposes  during  the  county  fair  season.  All  sorts  of 
organized  recreational  and  social  activities  have  been 
developed  around  the  building  since  its  erection.  It  is 
planned  to  park  the  entire  area  surrounding  the  audi¬ 
torium,  thus  transforming  it  into  a  landscape  garden,  and 
further  emphasizing  the  informal  appearance  of  the  two. 

The  McKinley  Memorial  at  Niles,  Ohio,  is  widely 
different  in  appearance.  It  is  of  monumental  character 
and  contains  an  auditorium,  a  library,  and  a  statue  of 
the  late  President  McKinley,  prominently  placed. 

The  division  of  the  building  naturally  fell  into  two 
separate  parts,  one  containing  the  auditorium  and  one 
containing  the  library,  suggesting  a  treatment  that  is 
claimed  to  be  unique  in  this  country.  Instead  of  put¬ 
ting  one  over  the  other,  a  scheme  objectionable  on 
account  of  the  difficulty  of  access  to  the  public,  the 
architects  conceived  the  idea  of  putting  both  depart¬ 
ments  of  the  building  on  the  ground  floor  and  con¬ 
necting  them  with  a  court  of  honor,  or  atrium,  surrounded 
by  a  peristyle  of  Greek  Doric  columns,  especially  made 
for  the  reception  of  the  statue  of  President  McKinley. 
The  propylsea,  or  colonnade,  forming  the  entrance  to 
this  court  of  honor,  dominates  the  main  facade  of  the 
building  and  gives  access  to  the  court  through  a  double 
row  of  twelve  columns.  To  the  visitor  approaching  the 
building  the  statue  is  thus  visible  through  the  propy- 


33 


Communttp  Putltrings  as  ®Mar  jWemortals 


One  of  the  at¬ 
tractive  fea¬ 
tures  of  the 
Hill  Memorial 
Auditorium  is 
its  setting. 
Nothing  adds 
more  to  the 
beauty of such 
a  structure 
than  well  laid- 
out  groun  ds. 


34 


existing  public  Subitoriums 


laea  from  afar  and  occupies  the  most  conspicuous  point 
in  the  plan.  The  court  itself  is  laid  out  as  an  Italian 
garden,  adorned  with  hedges,  vases  and  parterres, 
designed  to  enhance  the  effect  of  the  principal  statue. 

The  auditorium,  alluded  to  above,  occupies  the  right 
wing  of  the  building,  and  is  designed  to  accommodate 
5,000  people,  and  has  a  semi-circular  stage  for  the 
orchestra.  It  is  of  the  full  height  of  the  building. 

The  library  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  court  contains 
the  public  exchange,  surrounded  by  reading  and  refer¬ 
ence  rooms,  the  librarian’s  room,  and  the  open  stack 
room.  This  portion  of  the  building  contains  two  stories, 
the  rooms  in  the  second  story  being  devoted  to  various 
minor  studies,  and  a  room  designed  for  the  exhibition  of 
McKinley  memorabilia. 

This  building  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Niles  Cham¬ 
ber  of  Commerce.  The  cost  was  $300,000,  exclusive 
of  land. 


Cfje  Hill  iWemorial  gubttorium 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MICHIGAN 

So  many  of  our  universities  have  turned  their  atten¬ 
tion  to  the  erection  of  memorial  halls,  auditoriums,  or 
democratic  structures,  resembling  the  college  union  in 
general  interest  to  the  student  body,  that  it  will  not  be 
amiss  to  call  attention  here  to  some  unusual  details  in 
the  construction  of  the  Hill  Memorial  Auditorium, 
one  of  the  University  of  Michigan  buildings,  popular 
for  student  meetings,  organ  recitals,  and  such  uses. 


35 


Commumtp  PuUbtngs  as  USar  jWemortals 


The  Omaha  Civic  Auditorium,  Omaha,  Neb. 


It  was  only  after  making  extensive  investigations 
into  the  construction  of  the  auditoriums  and  halls  of 
different  cities,  and  into  all  available  printed  material 
on  the  subject,  that  the  architect,  Albert  Kalm,  and  the 
chief  engineer,  L.  T.  N.  Hoyt,  began  the  actual  work  of 
designing  the  building. 

The  main  problem  was  that  of  acoustics.  Almost  all 
auditoriums  the  size  proposed  (to  contain  5,000  seats) 
were  constructed  along  convention  hall  lines:  i.e.,  a 
parallelogram,  with  flat  floors  and  galleries  around  three 
sides.  The  theatre  interior  was  not  readily  adaptable 
to  so  large  a  scale,  but  finally  this  type  was  adopted. 

The  wall  and  ceiling  spaces,  even  back  of  the  platform, 
have  been  so  arranged,  both  as  to  shape  and  treatment 
(see  illustration),  as  to  furnish  much  more  deflective 
surface  than  any  theatie  of  average  size  would  require, 
making  the  acoustics  perfect  for  all  the  normal  pur¬ 
poses  of  the  hall.  The  platform  itself  is  so  constructed 

36 


existing  public  SubitoriumS 


The  Town  Hall,  Milford,  Conn., 
furnishes  a  good  example  of  the 
unpretentious  public  building. 
In  common  with  several  of  the 
memorial  schemes  it  combines 
a  community  hall  with  the  pro¬ 
vision  for  city  business  offices. 


37 


Commumtp  Puiliiings  as  liar  memorials 


“The  Arena,” 
Seattle’s  pub- 
licauditorium 
and  amuse¬ 
ment  center. 


of  hollow  tile  as  to  form  a  resonator.  Where  the  audi¬ 
torium  is  not  needed  for  dramatic  productions  of  any 
kind,  such  a  design  as  has  here  been  worked  out  solves 
many  problems  of  the  extra-size  assembly  hall.  (Note 
the  arrangement  of  the  ceiling  heights,  so  strong  as  to 
be  used  in  whatever  grouping  is  required.)  The  back  of 
the  proscenium  opening,  however,  and  the  ceiling  above 
it,  are  necessarily  so  constructed  as  to  forbid  the 
allowance  of  any  olf-stage  space. 

In  offering  examples  of  the  country’s  most  successful 
civic  auditoriums  for  the  information  and  guidance  of 
local  committees,  the  Bureau  of  Memorial  Buildings  has 
no  intention  of  placing  undue  emphasis  on  the  purely 
commercial  aspects  of  their  usefulness.  These  are  men¬ 
tioned  in  order  to  show  the  infinite  number  of  ways  in 
which  such  a  building  may  justify  itself.  In  no  case  will 
it  be  justifiable  to  seize  the  impulse  of  commemoration 
which  is  one  of  the  moving  forces  of  the  moment,  as  a 
means  of  obtaining  buildings  long  needed  for  commer- 

38 


(Existing  Public  aubitoriums 


cial  advancement  and  purely  practical  purposes.  No 
one  should  consider  the  building  a  utilitarian  monument 
as  opposed  to  an  artistic  one.  It  will  be  built  of  brick 
and  stone  and  mortar,  it  is  true,  and  it  will  house  many 
public  service  activities  and  many  hitherto  unhoused 
local  groups.  But  if  it  is  to  stand  a  worthy  tribute  to 
those  whom  it  would  honor,  it  must  be  built  also  of  the 
very  spirit  and  soul  of  the  community;  for  “throughout 
the  stream  of  human  life  and  thought  and  activity,  men 
have  ever  felt  the  need  to  build,  and  from  the  need  arose 
the  power  to  build.  ...  As  they  thought,  they  built, 
for  strange  as  it  may  seem,  they  could  build  in  no  other 
way.  As  they  built,  they  made,  used,  and  left  behind 
them  records  of  their  thinking,”  and  so  will  we  today. 


39 


Community  Putlbittgg  a  si  ®Har  fHemotialg 
^Bulletin* 

1.  WHAT  SORT  OF  WAR  MEMORIAL?  By  Albert  S.  Bard. 

Advocating  community  houses  as  memorials.  Illustrated.  (Formerly 
published  as  Bulletin  No.  4  of  the  National  Committee  on  Memorial 
Buildings.) 

2.  A  LIVING  MEMORIAL. 

Suggesting  a  program  of  community  service,  centering  about  a  com¬ 
munity  house,  as  the  truest  memorial;  and  outlining  the  social,  recre¬ 
ational,  art  and  educational  possibilities  of  the  community  building. 
(Published  by  War  Camp  Community  Service,  and  as  Bulletin  No.  2 
of  the  National  Committee  on  Memorial  Buildings.) 

3.  THE  PLANNING,  MANAGING  AND  FINANCINGOF  MEMORIAL 
COMMUNITY  HOUSES. 

Outlining  a  survey  to  determine  the  best  type  of  building;  suggesting 
forms  of  organization  for  local  memorial  building  associations;  and 
proposing  methods  of  financing  the  erection  and  maintenance  of  the 
memorial.  (Published  in  part  in  Bulletin  No.  3  of  the  National  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Memorial  Buildings.) 

4.  EXISTING  COMMUNITY  HOUSES. 

Information  about  successful  community  houses;  their  architectural 
form  and  special  features.  Illustrated. 

5.  EXISTING  PUBLIC  AUDITORIUMS. 

Descriptions  of  the  most  successful  memorial  and  other  municipal 
auditoriums  and  assembly  halls.  Illustrated. 

6.  PROVISION  FOR  ART,  MUSIC  AND  DRAMA  IN  MEMORIAL 
BUILDINGS. 

Illustrated. 

7.  PROGRESS  OF  THE  MEMORIAL  BUILDING  MOVEMENT. 

Brief  reports  from  towns  and  cities  that  have  decided  to  erect 
buildings  as  war  memorials. 

8.  MEMORIAL  FEATURES  IN  COMMUNITY  BUILDINGS. 

Suggestions  as  to  tablets,  inscriptions,  trophy  rooms,  historical  archives, 
etc.  Illustrated. 

9.  THE  ARCHITECTURE  OF  MEMORIAL  COMMUNITY  HOUSES. 

A  collection  of  photographs,  designs  and  plans,  with  descriptive  text. 

10.  THE  ARCHITECTURE  OF  LARGE  MEMORIAL  BUILDINGS. 

Illustrated  by  photographs  and  plans  of  auditoriums  and  other 
memorial  buildings  suitable  for  larger  cities, 
n.  THE  SCHOOL  AND  THE  MEMORIAL  COMMUNITY  HOUSE. 
Combination  and  co-operation. 

12.  FOOD  SERVICE  IN  THE  COMMUNITY  MEMORIAL  BUILD¬ 
INGS. 

Technical  suggestions  as  to  arrangement  and  use. 

Single  copies  of  these  bulletins  will  be  gladly  supplied  upon  request,  when 
in  stock;  price  in  quantities,  $3.00  per  hundred. 


